How does the amount of energy effect the phase changes between a solid, liquid, and gas? All matter can move from one state to another. It may require very low temperatures or very high pressures, but it is possible. Phase Changes happen when energy, which will refer to temperature, is present to a certain extent. In this experiment, energy is going to be a big part of it. The amount of energy is going to be recorded during the phase transitions. The "Force x Distance" will be the temperature and the "Time" will be the time it takes to melt or freeze the object. This is calculated using the power equation. There are many definitions for change in the phase changes. However, I feel the most appropriate definition would be the passing from one place, state, form or phase to another. Now the bigger question in front of this problem is, ‘is change good or bad and how does it affect a phase change?’ Phase transitions are a type of chemical reaction; they involve the breaking or forming between molecules. The phases change from a solid, to a liquid and then to a gas. In the phase transitions, energy is a major factor. Energy, which is heat, is absorbed or given off during the breaking or forming between molecules in a phase transition. At times, phase changes deal with large amounts of energy during each change from a solid to a liquid to a gas.
The equation used in the experiment.
Energy In Phase Changes
Energy is the most important part of a phase change, because it determines which state the object will change to. Kinetic energy plays a big role in the changes. The kinetic energy is energy of motion; this basically quantifies the amount of work an object can do or be done based on its motion. The energy allows them to change their current state, but the energy must produce some form of heat to be changed. Depending on how fast the molecules move while in their current state determines their temperature or heat. If the molecules are moving quickly than they produce little amounts of kinetic energy. However, if the molecules are moving slowly than they produce large amounts of kinetic energy. Temperature also is a big factor in this. The temperature determines the average amount of kinetic energy in the particles. Therefore, there are fewer particles in the lower temperature objects with less kinetic energy than there are in the greater temperature object. This means that the higher temperature object will lose some kinetic energy and the lower temperature object will gain some kinetic energy. Both energy and heat have an effect on the phase change, but time is also a factor. The amount of time it takes to change the state of an object could potentially determine the exact amount of energy that was used, if compared to another object. [1][2][3]
Example of a solid becoming a liquid.
Solids
Solids are one of the three phase changes. Their structure and their resistance to change their shape or volume characterize solids. In a solid, the molecules are closely packed together. All molecules move in every phase, the molecules in a solid move slightly back and forth, because they have no room to move. If you were to look at a model of a solid, it wou
A solid has molecules that are very tightly packed together.
ld look like a row of dots pushed closely together that form some object or shape. There are different definitions when a solid is transforming into a different state. When a solid changes to a liquid it is called melting and when a solid changes to a gas it is called sublimation. An example is, you go to an ice cream store and buy an ice cream cone. It is very hot outside and as you eat your ice cream it is beginning to melt. This is because the molecules in the ice cream are getting hotter and the kinetic energy in the molecules is the same as the temperature. Now the molecules are breaking down and grouping together, but they are grouping with less strength causing the solid to now become a liquid. This is an example of melting. Heat was used in the situation, but it was not used to change the kinetic energy of the molecules. It was used to change the bonding between the molecules, because the heat was proportional to the energy, which made the temperature and the heat balance out and change the phase of the object instead. However, the mass of the object still stays the same. For example, if you were to melt ice into water than it would have the same mass, but it would just be a different state of matter. Some of the natural resources on the Earth, like minerals and wood are solids. Also, man-made materials like metal and even many of the objects we use around us are solids. Solids are a very important phase change that allows not only civilization to continue, but for scientist to conduct experiments and help people live a better life.[4][5][6]
Liquids
Liquids are the next of the three phase changes. Liquids are very different from solids, their structure is a bit freer, but not as free as gas. In a liquid phase, the molecules will take the shape of its container or the object that it is in. However, a liquid does not try to fill every space of the container like a gas. Also, the molecules may resist being compressed in to
A liquid has molecules that are loosely arranged.
an object, while others can be compressed. A model of a liquid would look like free floating dots inside of a small cup or some type of container. A liquid is the second out of the three for a reason. A liquid is seen as being a part of both of the other two phases with a couple similarities. For example, a liquid has a density close to a solid, but it is much higher than a gases. Therefore, a liquid and solid are both called condensed matter. While on the other hand, a liquid and gas are both referred to as fluids. An example of a phase change is you want to make your own Popsicle with Coca-Cola. You feel up a small cup with the coke, add a stick to it and stick in the freezer. As the Popsicle sits in the freezer, the temperature begins to gain more kinetic energy to help balance itself out. Than the molecules will began to clump together and form a more rigid structure forming a solid. You than pull out your home-made Popsicle and the phase changes continue in a circle. The term for a liquid changing into a solid is solidification. Therefore, the term for a liquid turning into a gas is called evaporation. A liquid is many things, like any form of drink, any type of body of water, and any form of liquid chemical. Liquids are also vital to civilization and to scientists and that is why it is a phase change.[7][8][9]
Gases
Gases are the last of the three phase changes. A gas phase is one of the simpler phases, because the gas molecules are the most free. This is because theoretically the molecules behave co
A gas has molecules that move very quickly and are spread far apart.
mpletely chaotically and they roam anywhere and fill every space of an object or container. A gas phase is different from the other two, because the gas takes both the shape and the volume of the object. A diagram of the molecules would look like little dots that are everywhere and fill every space. The term for a gas when it changes its state to a solid is deposition. The term for a gas when it changes its state to a liquid is condensation. Gases play an important role in our lives, because we need oxygen to breathe. Also, gases are used to determine the heat being released by an object or even just the exhaust of a machine or object. An example of a gas change is, when you boil water to get ready to cook something at times the water can get extremely hot and release a gas. For this to happen, when the water reaches its boiling point it creates a pressure in the liquid that is greater than the pressure outside of the liquid. The molecules become energized and begin to move faster. They want to separate and they increase the pressure in the water. This causes the liquid to evaporate and a gas is then released from the liquid. Another example of a gas is a balloon. As helium is pushed into the balloon the gas wants to spread out and fill every space in the balloon. The gas feels the volume of the balloon and becomes less dense compared to the air surrounding the confided gas. This is also way balloons rise in the air, because it has a small density. There are many good and bad gases, but gases are also very important not only to civilization, but the Earth too. [10][11][12]
Phase Changes Slide Show
Phase Changes Lab
For the lab experiment, as stated before, I will calculate the amount of energy used in each change of state. I will calculate the change from a solid to a liquid, a liquid to a gas, and a liquid to a solid. For the experiment, I put ice in a small pot and set the temperature at 100 degrees celsius. I timed the amount of time that it took to melt the ice and than plugged it into the equation to find the result. I did this for the next two experiments in the exact same manner.
Data
Temperatures to melt and boil were set at 100 degrees celsius.
Temperatures to freeze were set at -4 degrees celsius.
Amount of water used was 1/2 cups.
Time to boil- 1 minute and 32 seconds.
Time to melt- 2 minutes and 10 seconds.
Time to freeze- 3 hours and 12 seconds.
The amount of power used in a solid to liquid phase is 43.6.
The amount of power used in a liquid to gas phase is 6159.8.
The amount of power used in a liquid to solid phase is 1.2.
Graph
Conclusion
Therefore, energy is a major factor during a solid to a liquid to a gas phase change. Also, the passing from one place, state, form or phase, the definition for change is still undefined as either good or bad. In the end, it is noticeable that there are reasons to consider how each phase is crucial to continue daily life patterns. However, there are times that the phase changes may not be so good for civilization or the Earth. Yet, it is still notable that phase changes are just the way that the world works and we must use them to our advance, but not destruction. Scientist in the past have made many discoveries using phase changes and they have resulted in wonderful things that we have designed and discovered using the discoveries that have been made before. There are actually four changes of state, but we have only discussed the three most important phase changes. However, plasma is still an important change of state. As said earlier, phase changes are just the way the world works and they have been here forever and they will continue to be a part of life.
Table of Contents
States Of Matter
How does the amount of energy effect the phase changes between a solid, liquid, and gas?All matter can move from one state to another. It may require very low temperatures or very hig
Energy In Phase Changes
Energy is the most important part of a phase change, because it determines which state the object will change to. Kinetic energy plays a big role in the changes. The kinetic energy is energy of motion; this basically quantifies the amount of work an object can do or be done based on its motion. The energy allows them to change their current state, but the energy must produce some form of heat to be changed. Depending on how fast the molecules move while in their current state determines their temperature or heat. If the molecules are moving quickly than they produce little amounts of kinetic energy. However, if the molecules are moving slowly than they produce large amounts of kinetic energy. Temperature also is a big factor in this. The temperature determines the average amount of kinetic energy in the particles. Therefore, there are fewer particles in the lower temperature objects with less kinetic energy than there are in the greater temperature object. This means that the higher temperature object will lose some kinetic energy and the lower temperature object will gain some kinetic energy. Both energy and heat have an effect on the phase change, but time is also a factor. The amount of time it takes to change the state of an object could potentially determine the exact amount of energy that was used, if compared to another object. [1] [2] [3]Solids
Solids are one of the three phase changes. Their structure and their resistance to change their shape or volume characterize solids. In a solid, the molecules are closely packed together. All molecules move in every phase, the molecules in a solid move slightly back and forth, because they have no room to move. If you were to look at a model of a solid, it wouLiquids
Liquids are the next of the three phase changes. Liquids are very different from solids, their structure is a bit freer, but not as free as gas. In a liquid phase, the molecules will take the shape of its container or the object that it is in. However, a liquid does not try to fill every space of the container like a gas. Also, the molecules may resist being compressed in toGases
Gases are the last of the three phase changes. A gas phase is one of the simpler phases, because the gas molecules are the most free. This is because theoretically the molecules behave coPhase Changes Slide Show
Phase Changes Lab
For the lab experiment, as stated before, I will calculate the amount of energy used in each change of state. I will calculate the change from a solid to a liquid, a liquid to a gas, and a liquid to a solid. For the experiment, I put ice in a small pot and set the temperature at 100 degrees celsius. I timed the amount of time that it took to melt the ice and than plugged it into the equation to find the result. I did this for the next two experiments in the exact same manner.Data
Graph
Conclusion
Therefore, energy is a major factor during a solid to a liquid to a gas phase change. Also, the passing from one place, state, form or phase, the definition for change is still undefined as either good or bad. In the end, it is noticeable that there are reasons to consider how each phase is crucial to continue daily life patterns. However, there are times that the phase changes may not be so good for civilization or the Earth. Yet, it is still notable that phase changes are just the way that the world works and we must use them to our advance, but not destruction. Scientist in the past have made many discoveries using phase changes and they have resulted in wonderful things that we have designed and discovered using the discoveries that have been made before. There are actually four changes of state, but we have only discussed the three most important phase changes. However, plasma is still an important change of state. As said earlier, phase changes are just the way the world works and they have been here forever and they will continue to be a part of life.Multimedia
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References